Gene regulation refers to the mechanisms by which a cell controls the expression of its genes. This process is essential for cells to respond to internal and external signals, maintain proper development and function, and adapt to changing environmental conditions. Gene regulation involves a complex network of molecular interactions, including the binding of regulatory proteins to specific DNA sequences, chemical modifications of DNA and histones, and the production of regulatory RNA molecules. Dysregulation of gene expression can lead to various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and developmental defects. Researchers in the field of gene regulation study how these processes are controlled, how they impact cellular function, and how they can be targeted for therapeutic interventions.